Ahmad Rashidi nejad; Morad Kaviani Rad; Afshin mottaghi
Abstract
The legal regime of common water resources remains the main concern of countries in the international river basin. In this regard, it seems difficult and unresolved just as before to determine the legal regime of these rivers, due to the different viewpoints of the coastal countries located in the basin ...
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The legal regime of common water resources remains the main concern of countries in the international river basin. In this regard, it seems difficult and unresolved just as before to determine the legal regime of these rivers, due to the different viewpoints of the coastal countries located in the basin of these rivers, on the extent and how to exploit these resources. In general, the approach of governments in the exploitation of these resources stems from two perspectives: a perspective accepts the problem of water scarcity and, with proper management, considers water as an important factor in regional cooperation. In contrast, the other one, given the certainty of conflict over natural resources, regards the conflict and crisis over common water resources as inevitable. Accordingly, the present article examines the governing principles of water resources exploitation of international rivers, assuming that the geographical location (upstream-downstream relations) and hydro-hegemonic position of coastal countries is effective in adopting the governing principles of international rivers. It has also dealt with the conformity ratio of these principles with the approaches and hydro-political attitudes of the countries in the basin of these rivers. The data and information required for the article have been collected through library method (books, publications and Internet). It seems that the adoption or development of governing principles of international rivers exploitation can be derived from the upstream-downstream position and the hydro-hegemonic status of the countries located at the basin of a river. While confirming the hypothesis and the effectiveness of hydropolitical approaches, the article has come to the conclusion that the principles with cooperation-oriented approaches of downstream countries or with low geopolitical weight and the principles with conflict-oriented approaches of upstream countries or with high geopolitical weight have received more attention and acceptance.
Afshin Mottaghi; Mohamad Amereh
Abstract
Regional Coalitions and organizations in the current world, which is moving towards a multipolar order, seem necessary to secure the interests of the members. The countries in the three regions of Central Asia, Southwest Asia, and West Asia have not been able to properly use the capacities of these regions ...
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Regional Coalitions and organizations in the current world, which is moving towards a multipolar order, seem necessary to secure the interests of the members. The countries in the three regions of Central Asia, Southwest Asia, and West Asia have not been able to properly use the capacities of these regions due to the lack of an inclusive and efficient regional union and avoiding regionalism. The disputes and a pervasive power vacuum have turned these regions into a place of conflict between regional and extra-regional powers. The upcoming research has discussed the feasibility of forming a regional coalition centered on Nowruz celebration and culture by using a mixed approach (descriptive-analytical and survey) and SWOT strategic planning analysis. Documentary and library information and data obtained from 30 expert experts in political geography, political science, regional studies and Farsi language and literature from the countries of Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Kazakhstan was used. The results showed that despite the differences and weaknesses in the formation of the Nowruz Union, the final score of 2.56 out of 5 was obtained which indicates the high probability of forming a union, although the addition of economic and geo-economic strategies is necessary for the formation of such a coalition.
